Events | New York City Bar Association

21st Century Construction, 20th Century Construction Law

421-a

Absentee Voting

Abuse and Neglect Proceedings

Access to Justice

Access to Justice for Immigrant Detainees

Accessibility

Accounting

Actual Innocence Claims

Administrative Adjudications, Right of Access

Administrative Procedure - NYC

Administrative Review of Tax Assessment

Administrative Tribunals

Adoption

ADR/Mediation/Arbitration

Affordable Care Act

Affordable Housing

Afghanistan

Africa

AI/Digital Technology/Crypto

AIDS/HIV

Air Pollution

Alcoholism and Substance Abuse

Alien Tort Statute

Alternative Dispute Resolution

Americans with Disabilities Act

Animal Activists and Organizations

Animal Cruelty

Animal Law

Animal Poaching

Animal Testing

Animal Welfare

Animal Welfare Act

Animals in Entertainment/Exhibition

Animals Used for Clothing

Animals Used for Experimentation, including Medical Use of Animals

Animals Used for Food, including Downed Animals

Animals, Use at Circuses and Exhibitions

Anti Manipulation Rule

Anti-Human Trafficking

Antitrust

Arbitration Equitable Remedies

Arbitration Awards

Arizona Statute SB 1070

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Asylum

Attorney Conduct

Attorney-Client Privilege

Attorney-legislators

Attorney/Client Confidentiality

Attorneys' Fees

Audited Financial Statements

Auditors

Audits

Australia

Authenticity, Attribution and Authorship of Fine Art

Authority to Declare War

Aviation

Aviation Safety

Azerbaijan

Bahrain

Bail Payment

Bail Reform

Bail, Public Safety as a Factor

Ban the Box

Bank Products

Banking Law

Bankruptcy

Bankruptcy Court (SDNY)

Beauty Contests

Benefit Corporations

Bitcoin

Blockchain Technology

Boards of Directors

Body Cameras

Bolivia

Breastfeeding/Lactation Rights

Budget - NYS Executive

Budget - NYS Judiciary

Business Bankruptcy Venue Rules

Cambodia

Cameras in the Courtroom

Cameroon

Campaign Contributions

Campaign Finance

Canned Hunting

Career Development

Carriage Horses

Chad

Charitable gifts

Charitable organizations

Charitable Remainder Trust

Child Client

Child Custody & Visitation

Child Soldiers

Child Support

Child Welfare

Childcare Assistance

Children

Children in Removal Proceedings

Children with Disabilities

Children with Mental Disabilities

Children, Families and Matrimonial Law

Chile

China

Choice of Court Agreements

City Bar Fund Annual Report

City Bar Justice Center

City University of New York

Civics

Civil Court

Civil Court Judges

Civil Legal Services

Civil Liberties

Civil Liberties/Security

Civil Practice Law and Rules

Civil Rights and Liberties

Claim Construction

Class Actions

Client Conflicts

Climate Change

Cloning

Cloud Computing

Collateral Sources

Collective Bargaining

Colombia

Commercial Division

Commercial Mortgages

Commercial real estate

Commercial Rent Control

Commodities Futures Trading Commission

Commodity Pool

Commodity Trading Advisor

Common Interest Privilege

Community Benefit Agreements

Companion Animals/Pets

Compensation Plans

Compliance

Condemnation and Tax Certiorari

Condoms as Evidence

Confidential Personal Information

Confidentiality

Confidentiality Agreements

Conflict Minerals

Conflict of Interest

Congo, Republic of

Congressional Ethics

Consent Decrees

Consignment

Constitutional Convention

Construction

Construction Procurement Laws

Consulting Services

Consumer Credit Cases

Consumer Credit Fairness Act

Consumer Debt

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

Consumer Protection, Debtors and Creditors

Continuing Legal Education

Contract of Sale - Real Property

Contractors, Accrual of Claims

Contracts

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)

Conviction Review

Cooperative Apartment Purchase/Sale

Copyright Issues

Corporate Agreements, Sample Contract Boilerplate

Corporate Bankruptcy

Corporate Control Contests

Corporate Ethics

Corporate Governance

Corporate retirement programs

Corrections, Reentry, and Jails/Prisons

Court Administration

Court Fees

Court File Access

Court Restructuring

Courthouse Policy

COVID-19

COVID-19/Coronavirus Court Updates

Credit Discrimination

Credit Ratings

Criminal Justice Reform

Criminal Justice, Community Relations & Civil Rights

Criminal Justice/Criminal Law

Criminal Liable Laws

Criminal Procedure Law

Cross Border Rules

Cryptocurrency

Custodial interrogations

Custodial Rights

Cyberbullying of Minors

Cybersecurity

Cyrus R. Vance Center for International Justice

Darfur

Data Collection

Death Gamble

Death Penalty

Death Tax

Debt Buyers

Debt Collection Agencies

Debt Collection Practices

Debt Settlement Companies

Debt Settlement Services

Debtors and Creditors

Decanting

Deceased Spousal Unused Exclusion Amount (DSUEA)

Democratic Republic of Congo

Demonstrations

Department of Defense

Department of Investigation, Inspector General

Department of Justice

Deportation Proceedings, Legal Services

Deposition Subpoenas

Derivative Transactions

Derivatives

Desegregation

Design Build

Detainees

Detainees, Prosecution of

Detainees, release of

Detainees, Representation of

Detainees, Right to Counsel

Detainees, Treatment of

Detainers

Detention of Immigrant Women and Children

Detention of Lawful Permanent Residents

Detention of Noncitizens

Determinate Sentences

Development, Hudson Yards

Disability Law

Disciplinary Proceedings

Disciplinary Threats

Disclosure of Classified Information

Disclosure of client confidences and secrets; scope of the exception concerning the client's intention to commit a crime.

Disclosure of Expert Witness Information

Disclosure of privileged materials

Disclosure Requirements

Discovery

Discrimination

Disorderly Conduct Statute

Disqualifying Securities Offerings

Distressed Businesses

District Attorneys

Diversion Program

Diversity

Diversity in the Profession

Diversity on the Bench

Diversity Pipeline

Divorce and Maintenance Laws

DNA, Collection of

Domestic Excess Line Insurers

Domestic Violence

Domestic Violence Perpetrators

Domestic Violence Victims

Domestic Violence Victims, Sentencing of

Domestic Violence, Emergency Residential Services

Drones

Drug Convictions, Sealing of

Drug Offenders

Drug Prohibition

Drug Reform

Drug Use

E-Discovery

E-Discovery Guide for Lawyers

Education

Education, Funding for

Efforts Standards, Contracts

Egypt

Election Law and Voting

Election Law Reform

Election Law, Instant Run-Offs

Election Procedures

Electoral College

Electric Regulation

Electric Utilities

Electronic Cigarettes

Electronic Discovery

Electronic Documents

Electronic Filing

Electronic Health Records

Electronic Surveillance

Emergency Shelter Allowance

Employee Rights--Health Conditions

Employer Data Reports

Employment Discrimination

Employment Disputes

Employment Law

Employment Plan

En Banc Review

Endangered Species

Endangered Species Act

Energy

Energy Planning

Energy Projects

Entertainment Activities

Environmental Impact

Environmental Impact Statements

Environmental Impact/Environmental Law

Environmental Law, Marine

Environmental Permits

Environmental Policy

Equine Issues

ERISA

ERISA, Fee Disclosure

Establishment Clause, The

Estate Tax

Estate Tax Rate

Ethics Agreements

Ethics Opinion

Ethics/Professional Responsibility

Ethiopia

Europe

Evidence, DNA

Evidence, Preservation of

Ex-offenders

Excess Line Legislation

Exchange-Traded Funds

Executive Compensation

Exemptive Relief

Expedited Partner Therapy

Expert Disclosure

Expert Discovery

Expert Testimony

Extradition

Extraordinary Rendition

Extraterritorial Transactions

Fair Chance Act

Fair Housing Act

Family Assistance

Family Care Leave

Family Court

Family Court and Family Law

Family Court Judges

Family Health Care Decisions Act

Family Law Curricula in Law Schools

Family Leave Benefits

Family Leave Insurance

Farm Animals

FDA

Federal Circuit

Federal Courts

Federal Judiciary Budget

Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure

Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure

Federal Rules of Evidence

Federal Securities Fraud Class Actions

Fee Dispute Resolution Program

Fee Disputes

Fee Sharing with Non-Lawyers

Fellowship Programs

FEMA

Female Inmates

Feral cats

Fiduciaries, Resignation of

Fiduciary Fees

Filing Fees

Filing Requirements for Foreign Corporations and Foreign Partnerships

Financial Assets

Financial Reporting

Financial Reporting Requirements

Financial services

Financial statements

First Amendment

Food Assistance Program

Foreign Business in New York

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC)

Foreign Investment

Foreign Law, Proof of

Foreign Libel Judgments

Foreign or Sharia Law

Foreign Private Issuers

Foreign Sales of Patented Products

Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act

Foreign Trusts

Formal Ethics Opinion

Forming a Charitable Organization

Foster Care

Fraud Suits

Freedom of Expression

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

Freedom of the Press

Fund of Funds

Gambling

Gender Expression Non-Discrimination Act (GENDA)

Gender Related Issues

Gender Transition

General Solicitation, Use of

Generation-Skipping Transfer Tax Laws

Genetic information

Genocide

Going Concern Presumption

Gonzales Attorney General Nomination

Government Ethics, Accountability and Transparency

Government Integrity

Government Lawyers

Government Transparency

Governmental Affairs

Grand Jury

Green Building

Greenhouse Gas

Guantanamo

Guantanamo Bay

Guardianship Laws

Guardianships

Guatemala

Gun Control

Habeas Corpus

Hague Child Support Convention

Haiti

Harassment

HAVA

Health Care Facilities

Health Care Flexible Spending Arrangements

Health Care System

Health Plans and Health Insurance Coverage

Health Services

Healthcare, Health Law and Bioethics

Hearsay

Hedge Exemption

Hedge Funds

HIV Related Law and Policy Issues

Home Buyers & Sellers

Homelessness

Hong Kong

Hospital Visitation Rights - Domestic Partners

Hospitality / Restaurants

Hospitals

Housing and Homelessness

Housing Authority, New York City

Housing Court

Housing Court; Right to Counsel

Housing Discrimination

Human Rights

Human Trafficking

Humane Education

Hurricane

Hurricane Maria

Hurricane Relief

Hydrofracking

Identity Theft

Immigrant Representation

Immigration

Immigration Consequences of Criminal Convictions

Immigration Courts

Immigration Criminal Offenses

Immigration Detainers

Immigration Reform

Immigration Representation

Immunity

In-House Counsel

Inadvertent Privilege Waiver

Independence of the Judiciary

Independence of the Legal Profession

Independent Account Controllers

Independent Directors

India

Indigent Legal Services

Indigent Litigants

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

Informants

Infringement and Injunctive Relief

Infringement Liability

Infringement, Willfulness of

Insurance Holding Company Provisions

Insurance Law

Insurance Regulation

Insurance Regulation, Holding Companies

Intellectual Property

Inter-American Convention

Interactive Data

Interlocutory Appeals

International

International Arbitration Awards

International Arbitrations

International Arbitrations, Discovery in

International Criminal Court

International Human Rights

International Trade

Internet Scams

Interrogation

Interrogations, False Confessions

Intersex

Invading Trust Principal

Investment Advisers

Investment Companies

Investment Management Regulation

Investment Securities

IOLA

IOLTA

Iran

Iraq

Istanbul

JOBS Act

Jones Act

Judge Advocates

Judicial Administration

Judicial Campaigns

Judicial Compensation

Judicial Conduct

Judicial Hearing Officers

Judicial Independence

Judicial Nominations, Commission on

Judicial Retirement

Judicial Salaries

Judicial Selection and Conduct

Judicial Service

Judicial Terms

Judiciary Budget

Jurisdiction over Foreign Businesses

Jurisdiction Stripping

Juror Privacy

Jury Instructions, Criminal

Justice Courts

Kenya

Kinship Guardianship

Kinship Guardianship Assistance Program

Labor and Employment

Land Use

Landlord-Tenant

Latin America

Law Enforcement

Law Guardians

Law School

Law School Field Placements

Law Students

Lawyer Advertising

Lawyer Misconduct

Lawyer Well-Being and Mental Health

Lawyer's Quality of Life

Lawyers Assistance Program, Judiciary Budget

Leave Applications, Criminal

Legacies

Legal Education

Legal Malpractice Insurance

Legal Profession

Legal Services Corporation

Legal Services, Civil

Legal Services, Funding of

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Rights, Employment Law

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Rights, Ukraine

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Rights

Letterhead, use of

Letters of Caution

Letters of Engagement

Letters of Engagement, ADR

Letters to Government Officials on Various Animal Protection Issues

LGBT Rights

Licensing of Animals

Licensing of Dealers and Exhibitors

Licensing; Military

Life Insurance

Lifetime Trust

Limited Liability Company Law

Lisbon Treaty

Litigation

Litigation Best Practices

Litigation Finance

Livestock

Living Wills

Lobbying

Local Counsel

Loss Contingencies, Disclosure of

Low Income Cooperatives

Magistrate Judges

Maintenance in Divorce Proceedings

Maldives

Managed Long Term Care

Mandatory Mediation, Commercial Division

Mandatory Minimum Sentences

Manifest Disregard of Law Doctrine

Marijuana and Drug Reform

Marine Animals

Marine Environment

Market Manipulation

Mass Disaster Planning

Mass Incarceration

Media and the Arts

Media, the Arts and Intellectual Property

Mediation

Mediation Survey

Medicaid

Medicaid, Managed Long Term Care Plans

Medicaid, Spousal Refusal

Medical Aid in Dying

Medical Marijuana

Member Honors

Mens Rea Reform

Mental Disabilities

Mental Health

Mergers and Acquisitions

Mexico

Microstamping Ammunition

Migration

Military

Military Affairs

Military Affairs and Justice

Military Healthcare Coverage

Military Justice System

Mindfulness

Moldova

Money Market Mutual Funds

Money Markets

Montenegro

Mortgage Assistance--Bridge Loans

Mortgage Foreclosure

Mortgage Foreclosure, Residential

Mortgage Securitization

Mortgages

Multi-Jurisdictional Practice

Multidisciplinary Practice

Multiple Dwellings

Multiple Representations

Municipal Advisors

Municipal ID Program

Museums

Music Rights

Mutual Funds

Myanmar

National Security

New Lawyers

New Lawyers Council

New York City

New York City as Litigant

New York City Commission on Human Rights

New York City Corporate Tax Income

New York City Council

New York City Dept. of Finance

New York City Government

New York City Schools

New York Law and Practice

New York Rebuilding

New York State

New York State Ethics Reform

New York State Law Departments

New York State Legislative Agenda

New York State's Civil and Human Rights Laws

Nigeria

No Contact Rule

No Fault Divorce

Non Profit Organizations, Candidate Related Political Activities

Non-Citizen Defendants

Non-Disclosure Agreement

Non-Discriminatory Medical Care

Non-Lawyer Practice

Non-Party Deponents

Non-Probate Assets

Non-Profit Organizations

Non-Profit Revitalization Act

Noncompete Agreements

Nonprofit Reform

Nonrefundable retainers

North Korea

Northern Ireland

Not-for-Profit Corporation Law

NYC Jails

NYC Policy Recommendations

NYS Courts, Judicial Administration and Budget

NYS Judiciary

NYS Legislative Reform/Rules

Offer in Compromise Regulations

Offshore Accounts, Disclosure of

Online Marketplace Lending

Onychectomy

Open Meetings Law

Open Source Software

Orders of Protection

Organ Donation

Organic Standards

Outside Counsel

Outsourcing Legal Support Services

Oversight of Risk Management

Own Risk and Solvency Agreement

Paid Family Leave

Pakistan

Parades

Parent Education

Parental Contact Protocol

Parental Rights

Parential Leave Policies

Parole Regulations

Parole Revocation

Patent Bar

Patent Eligibility

Patent Infringement

Patents and Antitrust Law

Patients rights

Pay Ratio Disclosure

Pay to Play

Pedestrian Plazas

Permanent Employment Certification

Permits, New York City

Pet Groomer Regulation

Pets in Housing

Philippines

Philippines, Temporary Protected Status

Physician-assisted suicide

Physicians, peer review

Piercing the corporate veil

Pleadings

Police Practices

Port Security

Post-Conviction Motions

Posthumously Conceived Children

Poverty

Power in Trust

Power of Appointment

Power of Attorney

Power Plants

Pre-mortem Probate

PREA

Preferential Trade Agreements

Preliminary Conference Orders

Prenuptial Agreements

Prescription Drug Abuse

Prescription Pain Medication

Preservation of Documents and Electronic Records

Presidential Impeachment

Presidential Vote

Primary Elections in New York

Prison Rape

Prisoner Reentry into the Workforce

Prisoners

Prisoners Legal Services

Prisoners of War

Prisoners with Mental Disabilities

Prisoners, Isolated Confinement of

Prisons, health care facilities in

Prisons, Special Housing Units

Privacy Act

Privacy Rights

Private Activity Bond Allocation Act

Private Equity

Private Letter Rulings

Private Offerings

Private Placement of Securities

Private Transfer Fees

Private Trust Companies

Privilege Log Practice

Pro Bono

Pro Bono Attorneys

Pro Bono Competencies

Pro Bono Reporting Requirement

Pro Bono Requirement for Bar Admission

Pro Hac Vice Admission

Pro Se Litigants

Probation Sentences

Professional Licensing

Professional Responsibility

Project Finance

PROMESA

Property Interests, Renunciation of

Property Issues

Property Tax Abatement

Property Tax Assessments

Prosecutorial Conduct

Prosecutorial Disclosure

Protected Classes

Protected Orders

Protective Orders

Proxy Rules

Public Assistance

Public Authorities

Public Company Disclosure

Public Service

Publication of Awards

Publication Requirements

Puerto Rico

Purchase Price Adjustment Clause

Qualified Domestic Trusts

Qualifying Longevity Anbuity Contracts

Race in the University Admission Process

Racial Justice

Rail Freight

Raising the Age

Real Estate Form

Real Estate/Property Law/Coop and Condo

Real Property Assessments

Recusal

Redistricting

Reentry and Reintegration

Refugee status

Registered Offerings

Reinsurance

Religious Facilities, the Establishment Clause

Removal Proceedings/Deportation

Renewable Energy

Rent Arrears

Reproductive Health

Reproductive Rights

Request for Judicial Intervention

Residential Mortgage Foreclosures

Retired Lawyers

Revised Uniform Arbitration Act

Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act

Right of Election

Right of Publicity

Right to Counsel

Right to Housing

Risk Retention Requirements

Rockefeller Drug Law

Rule of Law

Rule of Law, Freedom of Speech

Rules of evidence (NYS)

Russia

Rwanda

Rwanda - Gender-Based Violence

Sale of Condominium

Same Sex Partners

Same Sex Spouses/Permanent Partners, Recognition of in Family Reunification Immigration Laws

Same-Sex Couples

Same-Sex Marriage

Same-Sex Marriage, Recognition of Marriages Performed in Other Jurisdictions

Same-Sex Partners, Immigration Benefits

Sample Mediation Clauses

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

SAVES Act

Sealing

Sealing of Criminal Records

SEC Comment Letter

Secondment

Securities

Securities and Exchange Commission

Securities Related Litigation

Securities, Business, and Finance

Securitization

Senate Confirmation

Senior Citizens

Sentencing

Sentencing Enhancements

Sentencing Guidelines

Sentencing Reform

Separate Entity Rule

Serbia

Service Animals

Service of Papers

Setoff Rights

Settlements

Settlements, Judicial Rejection of

Sex and Law

Sex Offender Management Treatment Act

Sex Offenders

Sex Trafficking

Sexual Abuse in Jails

Sexual Assault

Sexual Education

Sexual Harassment

Sexual Orientation

Sexuality Education

Sexually Exploited Children

Shareholder Agreements

Short-Term Borrowing

Short-Term Loans

Short-Term Rentals

Sierra Leone

Single Sex Classrooms

Small Firm Practice

Small Law Firms

Smaller public companies

Social Media

Social Welfare

Social, Urban and Consumer Issues

Solid Waste Management

Solitary Confinement

Solitary Confinement, City Jails

South Africa, Republic of

Sovereign Debt

Spain

Special education

Sperm Donation

Spousal Support

Sri Lanka

State Government

State Monitor

State Secrets

Stem Cell Research

Stop and Frisk

Structured Finance

Student Loans

Sub-Saharan Africa

Substantive Consolidation Opinions

Succession Rules

Sudan

Summary Prospectus

Summons Parts

Supermax Confinement, Prisons

Supplemental Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist Coverage

Surrogacy

Surrogate Decision Making Laws

Surrogate's Court

Surveillance and Lawyer Client Communications

Surveillance, Collection of Metadata

Sustainability

Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development and Good Governance

Sustainable Development Goals

Swaps

Swaziland

Syria

Syrian Refugees

Syringe Exchange Programs

Syringe Use

Tanzania

Targeted Killings

Tax Appeals Tribunals

Tax Issues

Tax Patents

Tax Shelters

Tax Treaties - Collective Investment Vehicles

Tax-Exempt Organizations

Tax-Exempt Status

Taxation

Taxation - Corporate Reorganizations

Taxation - Interest on Non-Performing Loans

Taxation - Office of the Taxpayer Rights Advocate

Taxation - Partners/Partnerships

Taxation - Passive Foreign Investment Company

Taxation - Publicly Traded Partnership

Taxation - Rules of Practice

Taxation - Treaties

Taxation Lending Activities by Foreigners

Taxation Partnerships/Partners

Taxicab Accessibility

Teachers

Teenage Mothers

Temporary Practice

Temporary Protected Status

Term Limits

Termination of Tenancy

Terrorism and National Security

Terrorism Prosecutions

Testimony

The Justice System

The Profession, Legal Education and the Organization of the Bar

The Prudent Investor Act

Third-Party Defendants

Title Insurance

Tort Reform

Torture, U.S. Use of

Trade Controls

Trade Secrets

Trademark Dilution

Trademarks

Trail Commissions

Transgender Health Care

Transgender Health Services

Transgender Rights

Transit

Transition Memo

Transitional Care Adults

Transportation and Infrastructure

Treatment of Partner as Employee

TRO

Trump-Pence Presidential Transition

Trustee, Commission of a

Trustees, Role of

Trusts and Estates

Trusts and Estates, Administration of

Trusts Estate and Gift Taxation

Trusts, State Taxation of

Turkey

Type C nonprofit corporation

U.S. Supreme Court

Uganda

Ukraine

UNCITRAL

Undercover Investigations

Unemployment Discrimination

Unfinished Business Doctrine

Uniform Bar Exam

Uniform Civil Rules for the Supreme and County Courts

Uniform Collaborative Law Act

Uniform Commercial Code

Uniform Commercial Code Article 1

Uniform Commercial Code Article 7

Uniform Commercial Code Articles 1, 7 and 9

Uniform Commerical Code Article 9

Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act

Uniform Mediation Act

Uniform Transfers to Minors Act

Uniform Voidable Transactions Act

United Kingdom

United Nations

Unjust Conviction and Imprisonment Act

Unlawful Discrimination

Unpublished Opinions

Unrepresented Litigants

UNSG Selection Process

USDA

Uzbekistan

Venezuela

Veterans

Veterinary Issues

Video Games

Vienna Convention

Violence Against Women

Violence Against Women Act

Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act

Violent Felony Offenders

Visa Work Authorization

Vivisection

Voir Dire

Voter Registration

Voting

Voting Rights

Water Supply

West African Culture

West Bank

Western Sahara

Whistleblower

Women in Combat

Women in Workforce

Women's Equality Act

Women's Rights

Women's Workplace Rights

Word Limitations

Worker Rights

Working Animals

Workplace Accomodations, Pregnant Women

Wrongful convictions

Youthful Offender Status

Zimbabwe

CLE & Events

Filter

“The Road To the Court of Appeals: Demystifying the Process”: The Commission on Judicial Nominations to Hold Open Discussions about Nomination Process

“The Road To the Court of Appeals: Demystifying the Process”: The Commission on Judicial Nominations to Hold Open Discussions about Nomination Process